cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:

C) a decrease in the number of positive reinforcements. On the basis of these judgments, you will begin to feel depressed. For example, depressed people will tend to demonstrate selective attention to information, which matches their negative expectations, and inattention to information that contradicts those expectations. Imagine that you have just been laid off from your work. D) postpartum depression. Interestingly, _____ help many people with anxiety disorders. C) cognitive MOST likely, David is experiencing: Diffusion Let us complete them for you. C) quality-of-life theory. B) emotional If your thinking process was dominated by the negative cognitive triad, however, you would very likely conclude that your layoff was due to a personal failure; that you will always lose any job you might manage to get; and that your situation is hopeless. When asked, it is clear that nothing in particular has happened. C) the close relatives of people with bipolar disorders have an 80 percent chance of having one of these disorders. The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about how your parents cared for and protected you" is a: Final Exam Study Guide (Ch. 6, 10, 14, 15) Flashcards | Quizlet According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from: C) U.S. boy in his early teens. D) loss of positive social rewards. D) psychodynamic. B) the severity of the manic episodes. B) "You should get some therapy; only about half of people with depression get more creative." C) the hippocampus. D) I just cant go on. B) most of these factors dont appear to cause or maintain depression but are simply correlated with depressive symptoms. C) cognitive A) read to their child." C) depressed family members give inaccurate self-reports. Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as _____ disorder. A) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression, and about as likely to have recurrent episodes. This negative thinking and judgment style functions as a negative bias; it makes it easy for depressed people to see situations as being much worse than they really are, and increases the risk that such people will develop depressive symptoms in response to stressful situations. A) "You should get some therapy; theres nothing positive about depression." Matthew is taking imipramine. D) posttraumatic. A person's intelligence quotient, or IQ, initially represented the ratio of a person's _____ age divided by his or her _____ age, multiplied by 100. A) very unusual; previous studies have most strongly connected other brain areas to depression. A) is probably wrong; current studies focus on the hypothalamus. C) cognitive clinician. Figure 1. The DSM-5 has added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a diagnosis given to certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive and related symptoms during the week before menstruation. D) melancholic, Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. B) 50 percent D. a belief that one has no control over the events in ones life. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. A) 10 percent, 10 percent, 10 percent D) There are not enough symptoms to qualify for a diagnosis. A) seasonal This is: B) behavioral clinician. Psychodynamic Theory. C) life-stress theory. Every aspect of his life, at home and away, is affected by his behavior. Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. C) sing or play music with their child." A) providing an example of the cognitive triad. An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is: B) biological orientation. A) divorced people. Teen Counseling Online Therapy - Teen Counseling is a leading provider of online therapy for teens. A) normal. Relatives of those with major depressive disorder have double the risk of developing major depressive disorder, whereas relatives of patients with bipolar disorder have over nine times the risk (Merikangas et al., 2011). This statement might be made by a therapist practicing _____ therapy. C) behavioral orientation. Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth? A) against the hormone explanation. D) All of these explanations have received research support. In terms of risk, who is more likely to experience depressive disorder? Francoise is depressed. D) for the body dissatisfaction explanation. The cognitive movement did not reject behavioral principles, however. A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that its like: C) 75 percent B) a finding that people show negative thoughts only after they become depressed Quickly and professionally. Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT: Chapter 7 Comer 9e Abnormal Psychology - Chegg Studies show that less than 10 percent of individuals who experience major losses become depressed. A) two weeks. For women experiencing postpartum depression, which of the following is true regarding psychotherapy for depression? D) enthusiastically look for old friends, but ignore new friends. C) motor immobility or excessive activity. B) biochemical B) making ruminative responses. B. there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition to develop bipolar disorders. C) a finding that biochemical imbalances lead to both depression and negative thoughts B) 40 percent, 10 percent, 1 percent B) Freud. Depressive cognitions can be learned socially (observationally) as is the case when children in a dysfunctional family watch their parents fail to successfully cope with stressful experiences or traumatic events. Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: negative interpretation of events Which statement would NOT reflect a part of the cognitive triad? Test 3 (Chapter 8) Flashcards | Quizlet He is miserable and suffers from at least five symptoms of depression. B) hug or cuddle their child." D) staying in bed for hours during the day, D. staying in bed for hours during the day, A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from _______ symptoms. A) postpartum depression. A) humanist maladaptive thinking, negative thinking, cognitive triad. Which is not an example of a biological treatment for depression? People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to: experience another anxiety disorder, too. Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to: Seasonal affective disorder is associated with fewer hours per day of daylight during the winter months. A) mania. C) one year. B) inflated self-esteem. Depressed individuals often have negative schemas, leading them to view themselves, situations, and the world in a negative light. These symptoms are primarily: A) psychodynamic and cognitive D. about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, but less likely to have recurrent episodes. B) a negative view of oneself B) hormone changes mask the development of depression in women. According to DSM-5, one must demonstrate which set of symptoms to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder? Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. In contrast, if you were not influenced by negative triad beliefs, you would not question your self-worth too much, and might respond to the lay off by dusting off your resume and initiating a job search. C) the same as it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women. A prenatal exposure to _____ is related to depression in children. D) 20-23 percent, Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression? Feel free to get in touch with us via email. B) lowso far, specific genes on half or more of chromosomes have been linked to unipolar depression "The reason you are afraid to talk in public is because you believe that everyone must love and approve of you." In general, object relations theorists follow which theoretical perspective? A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. D) postpartum depression, something experienced by under half of new mothers. A. they all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they cant explain. Sohila has been deteriorating for more than a year. Benzodiazepines appear to reduce anxiety by acting on synapses that are mediated by the neurotransmitter _____. D) very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s, D. very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s, What are the chances that researchers will develop a specific, gene-based explanation for unipolar depression in the near future? Or, depressive cognitions can result from a lack of experiences that would facilitate the development of adaptive coping skills. These studies have found: B) reactive depression. C) some factors may cause depression, while other factors may maintain depression. C) exogenous depression. In terms of artistic output only, the BEST thing that artist could do is: A) learned helplessness B) Asian countries generally have higher percentages of mood disorders. C) behavioral and sociocultural What type of major depression would he MOST likely be diagnosed with? Considering data from several countries around the world, which of the following is the MOST accurate statement about the percentages of adults in each country who suffer from mood disorders each year? Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's negative interpretation of events Which of the following would provide the BEST evidence for the cognitive explanation for depression? Learn Test Match Created by katiescherer3 Terms in this set (127) A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes: mania. B) catatonic EXAM 2 Flashcards | Chegg.com The type of antidepressant drug that works by interfering with the enzyme that normally destroys norepinephrine is an _____. Which would be an emotional symptom of depression? B) 5-10 percent A) depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards. Abnormal "ion activity" has been found in many people suffering from bipolar disorder. C) behavioral A) Everyone is out to get me. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a: A clinician has developed a test that requires test-takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. C) catatonic depression C) someone who had experienced controllable negative events, and then another controllable negative event. Rose swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm. If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a persons depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have: A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. D) different factors are related to the cause, course, and treatment of depression. For this assessment technique to be useful, there must be: A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. CBT is often considered a more comprehensive and integrated approach, incorporating both cognitive and behavioral techniques to facilitate change. C) seek treatment, but only for the depression: mania is essential to better artistic output. D. a flash flood spreading out wherever theres room for it to go. Overview of Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression - Great Ideas in D) 1 percent, 10 percent, 40 percent. C) have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child. B) biological Cognitive model depicting interaction of cognitions, feelings, and actions. According to Dr. Aaron Beck, negative thoughts, generated by dysfunctional beliefs are typically the primary cause of depressive symptoms. D) psychodynamic, Which theoretical model is supported by the finding that monkeys separated from their mothers at birth show signs of depression? A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her first child is most likely to: Work with our consultant to learn what to alter. D) "Mild mood disorders are related to greater creativity than severe disorders. Of the following, your BEST answer would be, "Yes, most people with depression dont: C) recurrent If you are not in the grip of the negative cognitive triad, you might think that this event, while unfortunate, has more to do with the economic position of your employer than your own work performance. You can get your paper edited to read like this. A) learned helplessness. If a study demonstrated that depression is caused by concerns about ones weight, that finding would provide strong evidence: He is MOST likely suffering from. C) lack-of-control theory. This is consistent with the: A) postpartum depression. A. very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression, Recent studies show about what proportion of those experiencing major depressive disorder receive treatment for that disorder? D) sociocultural and biological, A recently divorced individual who swears off dating for fear of experiencing another failed relationship has an increased risk of developing a depressive disorder, providing direct support for which theoretical explanation of depression? D) biochemical orientation. A month later he is in a psychologists office complaining that he cannot work; everything seems hopeless. Recent research using genetic linkage studies has looked for possible patterns of inheritance of bipolar disorders. A) the mans depression led to the divorce. What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the United States? B) cognitive A) hormone theory. After a couple divorced, you learn that one of them is suffering from depression. C) maladaptive attitudes. D) sociocultural orientation. D) very unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus, causing it to produce a normal number of new neurons. B) a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of depressed patients. B) lack of desire to go to work This is an example of: B) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their early to mid 40s. B. someone who had experienced uncontrollable negative events & then a controllable negative event, A woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally taken to a shelter by the police. D) manic-depressive, A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called ______ disorder. D) genetic correlational studies dont necessarily demonstrate causal links between genes and depression. A woman in a middle-level managers job is repeatedly not promoted, no matter how hard she tries, even though she seems as qualified as the men who are promoted. B. do nothing; sometimes, hypomania increases artistic creativity & productivity, Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as ______ disorder. When you ignore positives and focus on the negatives (pessimism). D) motivational, Which of the following would be a physical symptom of depression? A) the cognitive triad. A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes: A) mania. C) melancholic. A) psychodynamic clinician. This technique is best described as ____. According to the "Type I-Type II" evaluation categorization, this person C) sociocultural C) bipolar I mixed episodes. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality? B) fluctuation in mood during the year. B) seasonal depression Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: negative interpretation of events. From the MRC Social Psychiatry Unit Institute of Psychiatry London. A) overgeneralization. D) Stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar depression. A behaviorist would explain the resulting depression in terms of: The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to ask "What are some things you enjoy doing and how often do you do them?" D) an absence of the neurotransmitters cortisol and serotonin. It focuses on identifying and modifying maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior to improve overall well-being. B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic orientation C. the diagnosis pathologizes severe cases of premenstrual syndrome, Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. D. stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar depression. With what type of major depression would she MOST likely be diagnosed? Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite are _____ symptoms of depression. MOST likely: C. is probably correct: lower activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression. During the 1960s, psychodynamic theories dominated psychology and psychiatry. The cognitive model of depression is supported by a number of studies and is an important aspect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which aims to help individuals gain control over their negative thinking patterns and change their beliefs about themselves and the world around them. Their licensed therapists specialize in helping couples improve communication skills to resolve conflict in healthy ways. C) from a neuron to a muscle or gland. C) strongabout 2 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year B) symbolic losses. D) ion activity at the cellular level, Which of the following risk percentage patterns would BEST support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder(1) in the general population, (2) among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder, and (3) among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder? D. men respond less successfully to therapy for depression, Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world? A) behavioral orientation D) depression is caused by examining ones feelings too closely. A) helplessness If people with unipolar depression were found to have higher levels of cortisol, such a finding would support the influence of the: ______. This study is a replication. A) symbolic (imagined) loss. B. unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. D) staying in bed for hours during the day, The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with ones spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom C) learned helplessness Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. D) mania. D) cognitive. B) dysthymia. D) someone who had experienced a random sequence of controllable and uncontrollable events. The therapist works with the individual to challenge and change these negative patterns and develop more positive ways of thinking and behaving. D) lack-of-control theory. B) emotional C) Artifact theory probably will emerge as a dominant explanation. Darius is sure that he will do better in math next year. Consequently, the person loses contact with old friends and becomes unpleasant to be around. C) Women have longer-lasting bouts of depression. Peter Lewinsohn has developed a theory that depression results from a progressive decrease in the number of _____ that a person receives over a long period of time. A) a finding that people show negative thoughts before they become depressed Which is a behavioral symptom of depression? Things he used to find fun and exciting no longer give him any joy. D) behavioral, Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite are ______ symptoms of depression. D. for the body dissatisfaction explanation. The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about the quality of mutual support you receive from your marriage" is a: For example, Beck developed the concept of "schemas" which are the core beliefs and views of oneself, the world, and the future. The woman is experiencing: D) cortisol. A) decline all treatment: severe psychological disturbance is related to better artistic output. B) someabout 5 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year

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