Victims of Henry VIII: Edward Stafford - Tudors Dynasty On the death of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1735, the titles became extinct. In 1453, the King became ill and sank into a catatonic state; law and order broke down further and when civil war began in 1455, Stafford fought for the King in the First Battle of St Albans which began the Wars of the Roses. Duke of Buckingham - Wikipedia [95] Following the rebellion, Buckingham and his retinue often acted as a bodyguard to the King. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, KG (4 September 1455 - 2 November 1483) was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England in October 1483. Father. Cause of death: Beheaded, Marriage: 1470, Children: Humphrey 1475-1477, Edward 1477-1521, Henry 1479-1521, Elizabeth 1480-1532, Anne 1483-1544 and Anne 1583-1517. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1402-1460) Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford profile, History of Lord-Lieutenant of Staffordshire, STAFFORD, Henry (by 1520-55 or later), of Pickering, Yorks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Stafford,_1st_Baron_Stafford&oldid=1155779903, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Henry Stafford (b. November 1520), who died in early infancy. Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of Buckingham, (born c. 1454died Nov. 2, 1483, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng. [163] His temper, she says, was "ungovernable". Although rarely in Calais, he was responsible for ensuring the garrison was paid, and it has been estimated that when he resigned and returned from the post in 1450, he was owed over 19,000 in back wages. His lands stretched across much of the country, ranging from East Anglia to the Welsh border. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ferrers had recently been appointed to the county King's Bench and attempted to assert political control over the county as a result. Henry was reluctant to commit himself, and adopted delaying tactics. [1], The barony was initially regarded as a new creation, but in February 1558, he won the right to have it recognised as carrying precedence of the first creation of 1299, created for his ancestor Edmund de Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (1272/3-1308), of Stafford Castle in Staffordshire, feudal baron of Stafford. [104] Buckingham supported York's protectorate, attending York's councils more frequently than most of his fellow councillors. [1] He fought with Henry V during the 1420 campaign in France and was knighted on 22 April the following year. Dunham, however, says that Humphrey was killed at the battle of St Albans in 1455. [40] Likewise, he made his base at Tonbridge Castle when he was acting as Warden of the Cinque Ports or on commission in Kent. [87] Three years later he was granted precedence over all English dukes not of royal blood. The 1st Marquess of Buckingham had married Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent. went over the see/ and folowed the Duc of Burgoyn he ever fleyng before them / And there they sore nioed the Contrey. But Buckingham misjudged both the size of the Yorkist armywhich outnumbered that of the King[142]and the loyalty of the Lancastrian army. She was 14 years old and he was in his early thirties. [50] Furtherand like most nobles of the periodhe substantially overspent, possibly, says Harriss, by as much as 300 a year. [145] Personal animosity as much as political judgment was responsible for Buckingham's attitude, possibly, suggests Rawcliffe, the result of Warwick's earlier rent evasion. 1 reference. [1], Humphrey Stafford married Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland, by Lady Joan Beaufort (Westmorland's second wife), at some point before 18 October 1424. Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Humphrey-Stafford-1st-Duke-of-Buckingham, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Humphrey Stafford. [155] Buckingham appears in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 2 (c. 1591), in which his character conspires in the downfall and disgrace of Eleanor, Duchess of Gloucester.[186]. On 3 January 1458[2][3] Henry married Margaret Beaufort, who, although still young, was the widow of Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. Edward Stafford, born 3 February 1478 at Brecon Castle in Wales, was the eldest son of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, and Catherine Woodville (the daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, by Jacquetta of Luxembourg, daughter of Pierre de Luxembourg, Count of St. Pol) and was thus a nephew of Elizabeth Woodville and King Edward IV. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [183][s], Timothy J. Lustig has suggested that Thomas Malory, in his Morte d'Arthur, based his character Gawaine on Buckingham. He was slain by Yorkists at the Battle of Northampton. [106] Buckingham may well by now have been expecting war to break out, because the same year he ordered the purchase of 2,000 cognizanceshis personal badge of the 'Stafford knot'[107]even though strictly the distribution of livery was illegal. One of the most luxurious contemporary foodstuffs, Tutbury did not remain within his influence for long; in 1444 the King granted it to his childhood companion. The lordship of Kinloss passed to his daughter Mary. The grant did not require him to pay a fee into the Exchequer, as was normal. This marriage had lasted only about a year and Margaret had given birth to her son, Henry Tudor, after Edmund's death. The marriage had been arranged by his father at the suggestion of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Sitelinks. [103] This parliament also appointed York as Protector of the Realm from 27 March 1454. [117] Buckingham may have hoped that repeated negotiations would deplete the Yorkists' zest for battle, and delay long enough for reinforcements to arrive. [90], With the outbreak of Jack Cade's rebellion, Buckingham summoned about seventy of his tenants from Staffordshire to accompany him while he was in London in May 1450. [12], Stafford had an extensive library of about 300 books, mostly in Latin. [147] Whatever plans Buckingham had, says Carol Rawcliffe, they "ended abruptly" on the battlefield. [182], Buckingham was depicted, during his son's lifetime, "mounted in battle array"[72]showing him during the 1436 campaign against Burgundyin the pictorial genealogy, the Beauchamp Pageant. He is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance (and presumed murder) of the Princes in the Tower. As much of his estateas her dowerhad previously been in her hands, Humphrey went from having a reduced income in his early years to being one of the wealthiest and most powerful landowners in England. [1], One of the best-known disputes Stafford had with his local gentry was in his Midlands heartlands. [80] He served the full term of his appointment as Calais captain, leaving office in 1451. Bedford, it was decided, would rule as regent in France, while Gloucester would be chief councillor (although not protector) in England. Stafford received a pledge from the council that if such a situation arose again during his tenure, he would not be held responsible. Henry appears as a character in Philippa Gregory's series of novels The Cousins' War and is played by Michael Maloney in the BBC drama The White Queen, which is based on the novels. He was executed without trial for his role in the uprisings. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 1454 - 1483 There have also been Earls of Buckingham and Marquesses of Buckingham. [3][4], On 5 January 1470 Henry's brother John was created Earl of Wiltshire, whereas Henry remained a mere knight. Katherine was the sister of Elizabeth Woodville who was queen consort to King Edward IV (Grandfather to Henry VIII). w' fire and swerd. Humphrey Stafford was born in Stafford sometime in December 1402. [1] His minority lasted for the next twenty years. [12] Stafford was still a minor,[12] but parliament soon granted him livery of his father's estate, allowing him full possession. Stafford acted as a peacemaker during the partisan, factional politics of the 1430s, when Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, vied with Cardinal Beaufort for political supremacy. [12] Stafford was also chosen by the council to inform Beaufortnow a Cardinalthat he was to absent himself from Windsor until it was decided if he could carry out his traditional duty of Prelate to the Order of the Garter now that Pope Martin V had promoted him. He is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance (and presumed murder) of the Princes in the Tower. [63] Stafford also had major estates on the Welsh Marches. Henry became a member of the King's Household after his wardship was purchased by Edward IV in 1464 with half of the Bohun Estates appropriated into the Crown Property. When the rebels returned the following year they attacked the royal army at Northampton. [2] Although in the losing camp, he quickly made his peace with Edward IV, who granted him a pardon on 25 June 1461. ", Having trained as a lawyer at Gray's Inn in 1528, [10] in 1531 he was appointed to the honourable post of recorder of the borough of Stafford, next to his family's ancient seat of Stafford Castle. When the rebels returned the following year they attacked the royal army at Northampton. . [2] Cleveland commented on him as follows:[9] "This unfortunate man, the great-grandson of the last Duke, was then sixty-five, and had sunk into so abject a condition that he felt ashamed of bearing his own name, and long passed as Fludd, or Floyde, having, it is supposed, assumed the patronymic of one of his uncle's servants, who had reared and sheltered him in early life. His paternal grandfather, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, was the son of Anne of Gloucester, daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester and the youngest son of King Edward III. [70] This may in part be due to the fact that at this time he was not spending much of his time in the Midlands, preferring to stay close to London and the King, dwelling either at his manors of Tonbridge or Writtle. [92] The promises that Buckingham made on behalf of the government were not kept, and Cade's army invaded London. But Henry remained unable to respond. [66] Stafford personally arrested Malory on 25 July 1451. [11] He is sometimes identified as the Henry Stafford who sat for Stafford in the House of Commons in 1545 and 1547, but it is more likely that this was his illegitimate half-brother Henry Stafford. [2] [116] Buckingham received at least three Yorkist embassies, but the Kingor Buckinghamrefused to give in to the main Yorkist demand, that Somerset be surrendered to them. [17] It first met in November 1422[18] and Stafford was to be an assiduous attender for the next three years. [p] James Tait lists the daughters as Anne, Joan, Elizabeth, Margaret and Catherine and suggests that Elizabeth and Margaret never married. In 1547 he petitioned Parliament for restoration in blood, but did not claim any of his father's forfeited land or titles. Even a lord of the status of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, owed Stafford over 100 in unpaid rent for the manor of Drayton Bassett in 1458. [181] In 1452, Joan married William Beaumont, heir of Viscount Beaumont. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham - Geni.com Buckingham, Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of (1455-83). As a result, they gathered a small force and marched south. [118] Buckingham made what John Gillingham described as an "insidiously tempting suggestion"[119] that the Yorkists mull over the King's responses in Hatfield or Barnet overnight. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Henry Stafford (died 1471) - Wikipedia Through her previous marriage to Edmund's older brother, Thomas, his mother accumulated two dowries,[a] each comprising a third of the Stafford estates. [73] Although the expedition's purpose was to end the siege of Calais by Philip, Duke of Burgundy, the Burgundians had withdrawn before they arrived,[74] leaving behind a quantity of cannon for the English to seize. The viscountcy of Cobham, which had also been created with a special remainder, passed to Charles Lyttelton, 5th Baron Lyttelton, a descendant of Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple's sister Christian, who had married Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet. With his death in 1687, the title again became extinct. [128][k] His son appears to have been badly wounded. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham - Wikidata On his father's side, Stafford was descended from Edmund de Stafford, who had been summoned to Parliament as Lord Stafford in 1299. [119] Although the defences that Buckingham had organised successfully checked the Yorkists' initial advance,[123] Warwick took his force through gardens and houses to attack the Lancastrians in the rear. [178] John was created Earl of Wiltshire in 1470. The Dinhams were one of the wealthiest gentry families in. The 1st Duke of Buckingham was succeeded by his grandson, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who aided Richard III in his claiming the throne in 1483 ( Edward IV of England 's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville having been declared null and void and Edward's sons illegitimate by Act of Parliament Titulus Regius ), but who then led a revolt aga. A zealous Lancastrian, he added to his wealth the estates of dispossessed Yorkists, becoming perhaps the greatest landowner in all England. Anne Stafford 1483-1544 Sources (7) Henry Stafford, "Find A Grave Index" Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-22 A genealogical history of the dormant, abeyant, forfeited, and extinct peerages of the British empire by Burke, Bernard, Sir, 1814-1892 Spouse and Children Henry Stafford 1454-1483 Male Catherine Woodville 1458-1497 Female [171][r] Had it proceeded, it would have again linked the French Crown with the Lancastrian regime. [52][f], In the late medieval period, all great lords created an affinity between themselves and groups of supporters, who often lived and travelled with them for purposes of mutual benefit and defence,[54] and Humphrey Stafford was no exception. He again represented the Crown during further peace talks with the French in 1445 and 1446. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [110] In any case, says Harriss, Buckingham was probably captured with the King,[129] although he was still able to reward ninety of his retainers from Kent, Sussex[93] and Surrey. Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter, Greyfriars Research Team, Kennedy & Foxhall 2015, "Combat with Sir Pandolf Malateste, The Pageants of Richard Beauchamp", "What do the scholars of the Shakespeare Institute actually do? Lustig suggests that it was probably in connection to this that Sir Thomas Malory attempted his assassination[156] around 1450if indeed he did, as the charge was never proved. [96], In 1451, the King's favourite, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, replaced William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk as the King's chief councillor,[97] and Buckingham supported Somerset's government. He had previously been made Baron Whaddon, of Whaddon in the County of Buckingham, and Viscount Villiers in 1616, then Earl of Buckingham in 1617, then Marquess of Buckingham in 1618 until he was also created Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham in 1623. The earldom was created with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to (1) the heirs male of the body of his deceased great-grandmother Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple, and (2) in default thereof to his granddaughter Lady Anne Eliza Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, daughter of his son Richard, who succeeded as second Duke in 1839. [135] But he had been restored to the Queen's favour that year andas she was the de facto leader of the partyhis realignment was decisive enough that it ultimately hastened the outbreak of hostilities again. He married his second cousin, Margaret Beaufort, the mother of the future Henry VII of England. [139][136] Following their defeat, York and the Neville earls fled Ludlow and went into exile; York to Ireland, the earls to Calais. [g] In the late 1440s his immediate affinity was at least ten knights and twenty-seven esquires, mainly drawn from Cheshire. Being such an important figure in the localities was not without its dangers and for some time he feuded violently with Sir Thomas Malory in the Midlands. In preparation for his personal rule, the council reorganised Henry's Lancastrian estates to be under the control of local magnates. The college had been founded within Holy Trinity. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham - Wikipedia His mother was Margaret Beaufort, daughter of Edmond Beaufort and cousin of Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII. Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, in full Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, earl of Stafford, earl of Buckingham, Baron Stafford, comte de Perche, (born August 15, 1402died July 10, 1460, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England), Lancastrian prominent in the Hundred Years War in France and the Wars of the Roses in England. After digging for a fox above Kirkbymoorside, and being too far from his home in Helmsley, North Yorkshire, he died from a chill in the house of a tenant. Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, in full Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, earl of Stafford, earl of Buckingham, Baron Stafford, comte de Perche, (born August 15, 1402died July 10, 1460, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England), Lancastrian prominent in the Hundred Years' War in France and the Wars of the Roses in England. [68] Following Cade's rebellion in 1450, Stafford's park at Penshurst was attacked by local men whom the historian Ralph Griffiths describes as "concealing their faces with long beards and charcoal-blackened faces, calling themselves servants of the queen of the fairies". [100] Buckingham took part in a peace commission on 14 February that month in Devon, which prevented Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon from joining York at Dartford. Sir Humphrey Stafford of Stafford, co. Stafford, created 1st Duke of Buckingham. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest surviving son Henry Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford (died 1566), who himself died almost three years later. Somersetin charge of government once againsummoned a Great Council to meet in Leicester on 22 May 1455. This gave Stafford responsibility for much of the north Midlands, which was the largest single area of the duchy to be delegated among the nobility. "'Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (18 September 1501 - 30 April 1563) was born in Penshurst, Kent, England the eldest son of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham. Edward Stafford was born on the 3rd of February 1478 to Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and his wife, Katherine Woodville. [72], In July 1436, Stafford, accompanied by Gloucester, John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, John Holland Earl of Huntingdon, the Earl of Warwick, Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, and James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, returned to France again with an army of nearly 8,000 men. Henry Stafford was arrested, but was soon released following a petition from his wife. [164][m] Scholars generally agree that Buckingham and Anne had twelve children, consisting of seven sons and five daughters. [j] Buckingham himself was wounded three times in the face[114][127] by arrows[124]and sought sanctuary in the abbey. Several other members of the Villiers family have been elevated to the peerage. Contents [ hide] 1 Biography 1.1 Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1.2 Early Life 1.3 Marriage 1.4 Mistress 1.5 Death 1.6 Buckingham in Shakespeare 2 Notes 3 Sources Biography Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham After a series of false alarms in early 1460, they eventually did so in June, landing at Sandwich, Kent. [141] They immediately marched on, and entered London; the King, with Buckingham and other lords, was in Coventry, and on hearing of the earls' arrival, moved the court to Northampton. He was a Lancastrian descendant of King Edward III, and a number of his forebears had been killed fighting the Yorkists in the Wars of the Roses (1455-85). On his death in 1889 without male issue, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles (the marquessate of Buckingham, marquessate of Chandos, earldom of Temple and earldom of Nugent) became extinct. When Elizabeth Woodville married the King of England her . [85], In September 1444, as reward for his loyal and continuous service to the Crown, he was created Duke of Buckingham. Corrections? Partly due to a feud with a leading Yorkist Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Stafford eventually declared for King Henry and the Duke of York was defeated in 1459, driving York into exile. Stafford's eldest son had died of plague two years earlier and the Buckingham dukedom descended to Stafford's five-year-old grandson, Henry, a ward of the King until he came of age in 1473. Life of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. [28][29] The county was valued at 800 marks per annum,[30][d] although the historian Michael Jones has suggested that due to the war, in real terms "the amount of revenue that could be extracted must have been considerably lower". [51] His treasurer, William Wistowe, when rendering his accounts for the years 14521453, noted that Stafford was owed 730 by his reckoning, some debts being 20 years old. [67] The Earl also ended up in a dispute with William Ferrers of Staffordshire, even though the region was the centre of Stafford's authority and where he may have expected to be strongest. [177] Humphrey Stafford assigned them the manor of Newton Blossomville at the time of their marriage. Here he maintained a permanent staff of at least forty people, as well as a large stable, and it was especially well-placed for recruiting retainers in the Welsh Marches, Staffordshire, and Cheshire. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. [109], The King was lodged in the town and York, with Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and the Earl of Warwick, encamped to the south. [3] After the Readeption of Henry VI in October, Henry and Margaret, together with Henry Tudor and his uncle, Jasper Tudor, attended an audience with the restored King and dined with the King's chamberlain, Sir Richard Tunstall. According to Martin Wiggins of the Shakespeare Institute,[187] Buckingham may be the eponymous character of the early-17th-century play, Duke Humphrey, which is now lost. Lustig suggests that Malory may have viewed the Duke as being "peacemaker and warlord, warrior and judge"qualities which the writer also ascribed to his Arthurian character.
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