U.S. Civil War Regimental Histories in the Library of Congress List of American Civil War regiments by state - Military Wiki Captain Andr Cailloux, a Black officer in the 1st who was killed while leading the assaults, became one of the first African American heroes of the war. Virginia Humanities acknowledges the Monacan Nation, the original people of the land and waters of our home in Charlottesville, Virginia. Virginia soldiers stayed in the army because of their families. Union general Benjamin F. Butler, the commander at Fort Monroe, announces that he will not return fugitive slaves to bondage. Most of those that survive have been gathered and published in the following books: There were many skirmishes with Indians in frontier regions of Virginia. A database of participants at Valley Forge, which includes many Virginians, is available online. The Confederates in turn worked to capture Washington D.C. On April 27, 1942, the Selective Service conducted the fourth of six draft registrations related to WWII. The Zouave uniform and fame was as well known on this side of the Atlantic as in Europe, and it was only natural that there would be Zouave imitators in the New World. The overwhelming majority of regiments in both the North and the South were infantry. A colonel commanded a regiment, assisted by a lieutenant colonel and a major. These are indexed in volume 4 of: The surrendered warrants and related papers were sent to the General Land Office in Washington, DC, and are now at the National Archives in Warrants Surrendered for Land in the Virginia Military District of Ohio. In December 1864, the Union army organized the all-Black Twenty-fifth Corps under General Godfrey Weitzel, which took part in the amphibious assault on Fort Fisher off Wilmington, North Carolina, one of the last ports to be seized by Union troops. Colored Troops are gunned down in the Fort Pillow Massacre in Tennessee. On July 17, 1862, Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act and the Militia Act, both of which authorized the president to employ African Americans as workers or soldiers. Black troops in Virginia also demanded equal treatment. Significant numbers of veterans joined interracial posts and regional department meetings practiced inclusion. For more information on the 1835 Pension Roll see Revolutionary War Pension Records. Virginia ; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Territories [] Dakota Territory; New Mexico Territory; Washington Territory; Confederate States [] Federal organized [] Confederate States Army units; State forces [] Alabama; Arkansas; California (Confederate) Florida; Georgia; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland (Confederate) Mississippi; Missouri; North . Virginia Ancestral Trackers Civil War Confederate president Jefferson Davis and the Confederate Congress ratified these policies in subsequent pronouncements. Colored Infantry. Because of absenteeism, the actual strength of a regiment usually numbered only about half of the prescribed strength. The first step toward Black military service came in the second month of the war at Fort Monroe on the Virginia Peninsula. List of Virginia Civil War units - Wikipedia The administration of President Abraham Lincoln initially did not approve of Black soldiers and used them only as laborers. USA.gov| Ellsworths Zouaves toured the Northern States challenging all comers to drill competitions, spreading their fame throughout the country, and inspiring the creation of other Zouave units. Over four million men and women served from the United States. sources, Dyer's Compendium offers the most complete list of organizations This division served in western Virginia and Maryland and was at times led by such famous personalities as George Crook and Rutherford B. Hayes. 1 Introduction 2 Virginia Military Units 3 Battles Fought in Virginia 4 Union Records 4.1 1890 Census 4.2 Service Records 4.3 Pension Records 4.4 Old Soldier Homes 4.5 Southern Claims Commission 4.6 Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) 4.7 Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 5 Confederate Records 5.1 Service Records 5.2 Pension Records Grand Army of the Republic founded in 1866 - 1956, was the largest veterans organization in the country after the Civil War. Although African American soldiers continued to face discrimination, by the time the war ended, they had won a permanent place in the military. What did distinguish Confederate soldiers was a closer initial attachment to their home communities. It was a fraternal organization members were veterans of the Union Army, US Navy, Marines and Revenue Cutler Service who served in the American Civil War. Patrons can visit the Oak Bend Branch during construction. Casualty figures for junior officerslieutenants and captainswere even higher. United States Military Online Genealogy Records provides more links for nationwide military record collections. The group supported voting rights for black veterans, and lobbied the U.S. Congress to establish veterans' pensions. This figure takes into account only those troops mustered into service in Virginia; many African Americans native to Virginia joined units in neighboring jurisdictions, including Maryland, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C. Because of Virginias role as a slave-exporter during the antebellum period, thousands of the other Black troops likely had been born in Virginia or had spent a significant portion of their lives there. In 1621, the Indians massacred many European settlers. Their protest led to the court-martial and execution of at least one soldier. Richmond, Petersburg, Alexandria, and other bona fide cities provided more anonymity and thus saw lower rates. 51 - 60 (2003 - 2011), Cemetery Record Holdings on Microfilm, Microfiche and CD-ROM, Centenary United Methodist Church Records 1871-1969, Aids for Deciphering German Church Records, Aids for Deciphering German Death Notices, United Church of Christ Congregations | Alphabetical, History of the 12th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, God alone knows which was right : the Blue and Gray Terrill family of Virginia in the Civil War. Representing a minority of white Virginians and an overwhelming majority of both free and enslaved African Americans, Unionists articulated their beliefs through a range of actions. Virginia Military Records FamilySearch On May 27, 1863, the 1st and 3rd Louisiana Native Guards participated in a failed Union assault on Port Hudson, Louisiana. 15th West Virginia Infantry - West Virginia in the Civil War Many states had soldiers and units fighting for both the United States (Union Army) and the Confederate States (Confederate States Army). Infantry 1st West Virginia Infantry (3 months service) 1st West Virginia Infantry 1st West Virginia Veteran Infantry (consolidation of 5th and 9th West Virginia Infantry) 2nd West Virginia Infantry (later 5th West Virginia Cavalry) 2nd West Virginia Veteran Infantry (consolidation of 1st and 4th West Virginia Infantry) 3rd West Virginia Infantry Unionism in Virginia during the Civil War Hamilton, Emory L., Jeffrey C. Weaver, John C. Mullins, and Betty R. Mullins. Surrendering U.S. The Bureau for Colored Troops brought efficiency to the USCT regiments, but not always equitable treatment. Some members of the military attempted to recruit African Americans anyway. These same studies have also revealed that slave owners were also overrepresented in the armies. Many are killed by Confederate troops as they try to surrender. The only areas that sent few or no men to fight for the Confederacy were located on the border with the North. When the Civil War began, recruiters for the Union army refused to accept African American volunteers. The men of the 54th advanced across an open beach under heavy fire and seized a portion of the works. The more people held as slaves, the higher the enlistment figures. A smaller set of motivations emerged within the state over the course of the conflict. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states. The certificates often give the number of acres, warrant number, and sometimes the solder's heirswife, children, grandchildren, brother, etc. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! In one of their first engagements on May 24, a Union force composed mostly of Black troops repulsed Confederate general Fitzhugh Lees cavalry at the Battle of Wilsons Wharf (also known as Fort Pocahontas). In Virginia, more than one-quarter of all soldiers were captured at some point during the war, some more than once. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! The original records are at the Kentucky Land Office in Frankfort, Kentucky. Several histories have been written about Indian warfare, including: For a detailed guide to Virginia military organization, see: Virginia in the Revolutionary War. As in the Union forces, attrition from casualties meant that regiments often fought at half strength in the later years of the war. There were Zouaves present at every major Civil War battle from First Manassas or First Bull Run to Appomattox. From the Library of Virginia: An outline explaining the variety of Virginia Civil War records available at the Library of Virginia in Research Notes series, No. Slave Compensation Claims in Compiled Military Service Records of U.S. Burial in the Freedmens Cemetery also effectively denied the USCT military honors. Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Humanities. FS Library film 1320833 item 6; book 976.9 R22b. African American Militia Units in Virginia (1870-1899) the Army of Northern Virginia). "Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia and Its Sufferers, 1676-1677,". Unidentified Black Soldier Serving with Federal Forces. The first Zouave regiment in the Civil War, the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry or Hawkins Zouaves, was mustered in on April 23, 1861. Quantitative evidence reveals that the smaller a community, the higher its enlistment rates; small places, where every eligible man was known to his neighbors by sight, offered no place to hide. Several of these units were also deployed to Texas following the surrender of the Confederacy amid rising tensions with France over its intervention in Mexico. The Southern Branch National Military Home in Hampton and the Virginia Confederate Soldiers' Home (a.k.a. Southern Unionist - Wikipedia Also listed are the units of Virginian origin in the service of the Union Army. Accession 27684. Thank you. Every purchase supports the mission. Rather than the eighteen-year-old second sons long thought to have filled the ranks of the Civil War armies, Virginia soldiers were, on average, twenty-six years old; 55 percent of them were the heads of their respective households. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. The 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers fight at the Battle of Cabin Creek, Oklahoma. Since there is overlap in the WWI and WWII Selective Service registration, men born in the years 1877 to 1900 may have registered twice and have both WWII and WWI draft records. Colored Troops, Descriptive Recruitment Lists of Volunteers for the United States Colored Troops for the State of Missouri,1863-1865, The 1876 St. Louis City / County Split and Its Effect on Research, Articles in "The Ozarks Mountaineer," Vols. At Emory and Henry College, the "Saltville Massacre" takes place. In some cases, such as the Zouaves, regiments were distinguished by their vivid uniforms. Regardless of wealth or social status, enlisted men in Confederate armies shared a set of experiences. Milton Wells, was commissioned major by Governor Peirpont, October 16, 1862. here, please e-mail me and I will present it alongside the existing information. Historians have only recently gained a detailed and reliable picture of who actually fought for the state during the war. The border states had both Confederate and Union units, and in many of the Confederate states Union forces organized Union units from individuals who swore loyalty to the United States. They were members of an elite unit with an esprit de corps which bound them together as a family, with the regimental commander known as Father among the Zouaves, as the family head. Pennsylvania was the next largest group. (Note that although these are titled warrants they are actually the papers submitted to receive a warrant.) Spanish-American War records might exist in the state from which the soldier served or in a state where the veteran later resided. USCT regiments fight at the Battle of Milliken's Bend, Louisiana. Union Regimental Information. United States [ edit] Federal organized [ edit] United States Colored Troops United States Regular Army United States Volunteers District of Columbia Those who served in the Virginia state line or in the continental line could apply. Black soldiers were also often denied recruitment bounties routinely offered to white soldiers and were rarely eligible to collect aid for dependents, a benefit that state legislation often made available to white men serving in the ranks. Ancestry has World War II enlistment records. 14. Once in uniform, the men of the USCT saw action in every major theater of the war, with five Virginians being awarded the Medal of Honor. 1112151617181920212223, VA Home| This is a list of American Civil War units, consisting of those established as federally organized units as well as units raised by individual states and territories. These records are in alphabetical order on 38 FS Library films, FS Library films 1889181-218. Revolutionary War Rolls for Virginia, 1775-1783, Virginia, Revolutionary War Soldiers 1775-1783, published 1912, Virginia Militia in the War of 1812, Volume I, Virginia Militia in the War of 1812, Volume II, Virginia, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Applications for the Relief of Needy Confederate Women, 1915-1967, United States, Veterans Administration Master Index, 1917-1940, Virginia, Various Counties, Military Discharge Records, 1919-1980, Virginia, World War II Draft Registration Cards,1940-1945, U.S. Military Fatal Casualties of the Korean War for Home-State-of-Record: Virginia, U.S. Military Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War for Home-State-of-Record: Virginia, Records of United States Army, Continental Commands, 1821-1920, FS Library fiche 6019959; book 976.9 R21t, Amherst papers, pt. Complete military records do not exist for Virginia before the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The 54th Massachusetts leads an assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina. Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Humanities. May 1, 1861. The order indicated that the Confederacy would not treat Black men as soldiers, but would instead view them as enslaved men in a state of insurrection, making them liable to execution or sale into slavery. The Battle of Camden website also includes details about many Virginia Revolutionary War soldiers (see American & Brit Participants). @ Copyright 2023 St. Louis County Library. 60, issued on August 21, 1862. List of West Virginia Civil War Union units - Military Wiki II, Bounty Land Warrants for the U.S. Military District of Ohio. Regulations| In Virginia, complaints from white citizens resulted in the removal of most Black troops from the state. U.S. The army remained segregated until after the World War II (19391945). For more information, see United States in the War of 1812. Most Virginia USCT units were raised in the Tidewater or Northern Virginia, both areas where Union control had been established early in the war, thus allowing for communities offree Blacksand escaped enslaved African Americans to form. Another 32,000 served in Union forces; most of these came from the counties that today comprise the state of West Virginia, while a number of West Virginia troops were recruited from the neighboring states of Ohio and Pennsylvania. mustered by the State and Federal Governments for service in the Union Army. In some cases, regiments had a distinctive regional or ethnic characterIrish, German, Italian, Jewish, Indian, or black, among others. In May, large numbers of Black soldiers entered Virginia for the first time. the Army of the Potomac) while the Confederacy designated its armies after states or regions (eg. 100 Charlottesville, VA 22903 (434) 924-3296. The National Archives also has an alphabetical index, numerical register, and survey register that can help you find a warrant in this collection. Unionists in Virginia supported the United States government during the secession crisis, the American Civil War (1861-1865), or both. Encyclopedia Virginia946 Grady Ave. Ste. A half million men became casualties within its borders. The schedules list Union veterans and their widows living in Virginia in 1890. Studies of North Carolina suggest that in some cases soldiers from that state responded to pleas from their families by deserting and returning home. Approximately 185,000 African Americans served in combat and noncombat positions in the Union army during the Civil War, including at least 5,723 soldiers who mustered into service in Virginia. Virginia Magazine of History & Biography. The Muster Roll Project, sponsored by the Valley Forge Legacy, has reconstructed muster rolls for the 1st-15th Virginia Regiments and the 1st-2nd Virginia State. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Union Regiments Infantry 1st West Virginia Infantry(3 months service) 1st West Virginia Infantry 1st West Virginia Veteran Infantry (consolidation of 5th and 9th West Virginia Infantry) 2nd West Virginia Infantry (later 5th West Virginia Cavalry) 2nd West Virginia Veteran Infantry (consolidation of 1st and 4th West Virginia Infantry) West Virginia was part of Virginia until the war. For all soldiers, but especially for those reared in the Christian tradition, the aversion to killing manifested itself in a perpetual repugnance over what soldiers were called to do. The Muster Roll Project, sponsored by the Valley Forge Legacy, has reconstructed muster rolls for the 1st-15th Virginia Regiments and the 1st-2nd Virginia State. Two indexes that include these grants are: Copies of the warrants are found in Military Warrants, 1782-1788 FS Library films 272979-80. The U.S. Congress passes the Enrollment Act, authorizing equal back pay for all black soldiers. Select any state from the map or the menu to see information on its regiments and batteries. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton orders Union general Rufus Saxton to organize and enroll a regiment of African Americans in the South Carolina Sea Islands on an experimental basis, resulting in the formation of the 1st South Carolina Volunteers. He mentions that he sent two unequipped regiments to camps of instruction in Chambersburg. The information in the lists of Virginia Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors website. In 1861, a set of easily identifiable motives compelled high enlistment rates across the state. These are indexed by Willard Rouse Jillson, Old Kentucky Entries and Deeds: A Complete Index to All of the Earliest Land Entries, Military Warrants. Stanton insisted he opposed unequal pay, but he did nothing to challenge Congresss inequitable legislation. Most units were numbered, however, many especially in the Confederate forces were named. Fort Monroe becomes known as "Freedom's Fortress," and a steady stream of "contraband" offered wages, food, and shelter, begins work for the Union army. Soldiers were not uncritical of their new nation, but they understood that it promised the best protection of those aspects of their pre-war lives that they most valued. 1926. During the postwar years, black troops continued to face skepticism and discrimination. In 1863, forty-eight northwestern Unionist counties seceded from Virginia to create West Virginia. 1st Regiment Infantry (3 years) 1st Regiment Veteran Infantry: 2nd Regiment Infantry: 2nd Regiment Veteran Infantry: 3rd Regiment Infantry: 4th Regiment Infantry: 5th Regiment Infantry: 6th Regiment Infantry: 7th Regiment Infantry: 8th Regiment Infantry: 9th Regiment Infantry: 10th Regiment Infantry 1978, c1969 reprint at FS Library fiche 6051260; book 976.9 R22j. Those who served in the Virginia state or continental line may be listed in Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War FS Library films 1485281(first of 1,097) and in General Index to Compiled Military Service Records of Revolutionary War Soldiers FS Library films 882841(first of 58) This is at the National Archives and the FamilySearch Library. in 1, Virginia World War memorial records, city of Buena Vista, 1926-1970, Virginia World War memorial records, city of Fredericksburg, 1931-1957, Virginia World War memorial records, city of Newport News, 1926-1952, Virginia World War memorial records, city of Petersburg, 1948-1950, Virginia World War memorial records, county of Tazewell, 1928-1964, Virginia World War memorial records, county of Amelia, ca. With the death of the last member of the Grand Army of the Republic the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War was formed. It also had nearly 20% of the railroad track of the Southern states. The Union policy of attacking Confederate resources had the desired effect of weakening Confederate armies to the point of collapse, but it did little to endear the Union to Virginians or inspire confidence in the U.S. government after the war. Union troops, including the black soldiers of the Twenty-fifth Corps of the Army of the James, enter the fallen Confederate capital of Richmond. USCT regiments were also present in the final campaigns of the war. Regimental Index. The Kanawha Division was a Union Army division which could trace its origins back to a brigade originally commanded by Jacob D. Cox. In the enthusiastic rush to volunteer for service in 1861, individuals would travel through their communities to raise regiments on their own which they would then present to the army. Most soldiers stressed their defense of Virginia and their homes from what they regarded as an invading army (even if that army was only traveling through Virginia to reach South Carolina, which initiated the conflict in April). Only a few applied per county, but their neighbors were called as witnesses and asked dozens of questions. Abstracts of many Virginia Revolutionary War pension records and unit rosters are available on the website Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. They did this partly because of the effects of the Unions hard war on the state and their home communities. Although some of Virginias deserters may have left for a similar reason, the available evidence on desertion does not allow such clear conclusions about Virginia. However, discrepancies may exist due to a variety of factors, including the The regiment was organized at Wheeling, the first company being mustered into the service of the United States on May 10, 1861. Over 120 battles were fought in Virginia during the Civil War (1861-1865). In 1864, at the LOuverture Hospital, a facility for both USCT and freedmen in Alexandria, soldiers protested because the Superintendent of Contrabands ordered deceased soldiers to be buried in the nearby Contraband and Freedmens Cemetery, rather than in the Soldiers Cemetery (now the Alexandria National Cemetery). Web Policies| 1412 S. Spoede Rd., St. Louis, MO 63131. During the summer of 1862, James Lane, the abolitionist senator from Kansas, organized the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers, ignoring orders to enroll white troops only. (For land in Kentucky and the Virginia Military District in Ohio). Introduction Regimental histories are valuable research sources that offer a unique perspective for the study of the Civil War. this table to another site with a significant number of Confederate links. Instead, the Unions hard-war policies catalyzed all the reasons that Virginians had left the Union in the first place and encouraged them to sustain resistance for four long, bloody years. The vast majority of Virginia soldiers enlisted for twelve-month terms, longer than Lincolns call for ninety-day volunteers, but still not long enough to establish Confederate independence. For all men, campaigns and battles meant constant hunger, dirt, and sickness. He focuses on three Union regiments recruited from among the white residents of the Deep Southindividuals who passed the highest bar of Unionism by enlisting in the United States Army to fight with the First Louisiana Cavalry, First Alabama Cavalry, and Thirteenth Tennessee Union Cavalry." . Its responsibility is to issue guidelines for black regiments, staff the units with officers, and oversee recruiting and enrollment. This page has been viewed 34,056 times (0 via redirect). United States Colored Troops, The - Encyclopedia Virginia 1890 Census Veterans Schedules - The "Special Schedules of the Eleventh Census (1890) Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War" (NARA M123) are available online for the state of Virginia. Colored Infantry, the 23rd U.S. The psychological and physical demands of war and extended separation from family compelled soldiers to carefully evaluate why they were fighting. Farther west, James Lanes regiments also fought in some skirmishes during the autumn of 1862. By the end of the Civil War, more than 185,000 men had served in the USCT, including more than 178,000 Black soldiers and approximately 7,000 white officers. Colored Infantry, and the 38th U.S. Colored Infantry served in Florida. In the meantime, atrocities occurred on the battlefield. The bureau issued guidelines for Black regiments, staffed the units with officers, and oversaw recruiting and enrollment. On the one hand, Black soldiers were able to play an active role in supporting the Freedmens Bureau, protecting formerly enslaved people, and enforcing the Reconstruction amendments. A published list of pardons is available online: Regimental rosters with biographical information of Virginia soldiers are published in: For guidebooks to Virginia's military units for the Civil War, the following sources are helpful: Presidential Pardons of Former Confederates, 18631868, Virginia, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861-1865, Virginia, Civil War Service Records of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, Confederate Pension Rolls, Veterans and Widows Electronic Card Index, Confederate Disability Applications and Receipts, Robert E. Lee Soldier's Home Applications for Admission, Selected Civil War Resources in the Personal Papers and Military Records Collections at the Library of Virginia, Provost Marshal General, District of Virginia, Certificates of Oath and Parole, 1863 - 1865, United States, Records Of Confederate Prisoners Of War, 1861-1865, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Virginia_in_the_Civil_War&oldid=5360139. II, List of the Colonial Soldiers of Virginia, Virginia Militia in the Revolutionary War, United States Revolutionary War, Virginia Pension Application Files, 1830-1875, U.S.
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